In 2024, California claimed the title of most-moved-to U.S. state according to the HireAHelper 2024 Migration Report, making up 6.9% of all American moves and 15% of all millennial moves. The Los Angeles area alone accounted for over 4% of all U.S. moves in 2024, so California’s entry checkpoints are busier than ever. That’s a lot of cross-country U-Hauls — and a lot of opportunities for one little pest or plant to slip through.

You’re not the first to wonder if your potted lemon tree or iguana can cross the California border. Before you load up for the Golden State, take a minute to make sure everything in your home or garden is welcome.

In this guide, we’ll cover wild and exotic animals, marijuana and alcohol, citrus and diseased plants, firearms and specialty weapons, and a quick legal checklist for newcomers.

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Pets and Other Animals

California’s animal import rules aim to keep invasive species out, which you might think doesn’t apply to your cute pet. However, there are several exotics and other animals that don’t make the cut to cross California’s border. Penalties range from confiscation at the checkpoint to steep fines, and in some cases, criminal charges. Play it smart and review the restricted species list before you move to California.

Cats and Dogs Are (Mostly) Good to Go

If you’re a cat owner, you’re in luck. The California Department of Public Health doesn’t require any paperwork for felines, so they’re in the clear. For dog owners, your requirements are still pretty simple. All you need at the border is proof of up-to-date rabies vaccination. But don’t forget: Once you get here, California law says you have to license your dog or cat in your new city or county.

Exotic Pets? Not So Fast

Ferrets, hedgehogs, sugar gliders, many reptiles, and a surprisingly long list of birds, amphibians, and small mammals are a hard no in California — even if they’re perfectly legal in your previous state. The Department of Fish and Wildlife (DFW) in California keeps a thorough list of restricted animals, and yes, it’s worth double-checking.

If you’re not sure where your pet iguana (or bearded dragon or macaw) stands, do yourself a favor and check directly with DFW or your new county authorities.

Bringing Livestock? Get Your Papers Ready

Moving with horses, cows, goats, pigs, or poultry? The state expects anyone transporting livestock to show up with official health certificates and be ready for inspections at the border. The paperwork required for livestock is typically far more in-depth than that required for pets, so make sure you know exactly what you need long before you start transporting your animals.

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Marijuana and Commercial Alcohol

If you’ve heard California is laid-back about weed and wine, you’re not wrong — but that’s only after you’ve passed the border. Interstate moves are under federal law, and those are a lot less permissive when it comes to alcohol and marijuana.

Marijuana

While it’s legal for adults over 21 to use marijuana in California, the second you cross the state line, federal law is king. It’s always illegal to transport any marijuana across state lines— and that includes gummies and vape pens.

 

“California’s agriculture industry generates over $60 billion annually and depends on strict controls to protect crops from pests and disease. Absolutely no citrus plants, trees, or even loose citrus fruit can cross into the state.”

 

If border agents spot your stash, they can confiscate it, fine you, or worse. There’s no shortage of dispensaries once you arrive, so skip the risk at the border.

Alcohol

Bringing wine or spirits for personal use? No problem — as long as you’re 21 or older, and it’s for yourself or your household. If you’re hauling a suspiciously large “personal” supply, expect questions. For anything commercial (selling, events, or business), you need a license from the California Department of Alcoholic Beverage Control. Get the paperwork in advance to avoid delays or fines.

Open Container Laws

California draws a hard line here, and officers will check. Here are the rules:

• No open bottles, cans, or containers of alcohol or cannabis are allowed anywhere in a moving vehicle: This rule applies to everyone in the vehicle — not just the driver.
• State Vehicle Code Section 23223(a): Even open alcohol in the passenger compartment is an automatic violation. Section 23222 covers cannabis.
• No Trunk? If your vehicle doesn’t have a trunk, you must lock up any open container and place it completely out of reach.

Violating these laws can lead to fines or other serious penalties, so make sure your open bottles and other containers are safely stored and out of the way.

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Citrus Plants and Diseased Plants

Thinking about bringing your favorite lemon tree, backyard apples, or that lush pothos hanging in your kitchen? California border officers don’t want to see those in your luggage — and for good reason.

Citrus plants and fruit

California’s agriculture industry generates over $60 billion annually and depends on strict controls to protect crops from pests and disease. Absolutely no citrus plants, trees, or even loose citrus fruit can cross into the state. Lemons, limes, oranges, grapefruits, and kumquats are all forbidden, no matter how healthy or beautifully potted they are. If it’s citrus, leave it behind.

Other fruits, nuts, and vegetables

A long list of produce, including apples, peaches, mangos, potatoes, and various nuts, is also banned at the border by the CDFA. Look at it this way, if it’s from your backyard, a farmers market, or looks like fresh food, don’t pack it. Inspectors tend to err on the side of caution, and you should too.

Houseplants

The good news is that most houseplants in store-bought, sterile soil are okay. The bad news? Anything planted in dirt from your backyard isn’t allowed. As for worse news, inspectors will quickly confiscate plants with any signs of infestation or disease, no matter how attached you are.

The CDFA has a handy Q&A to help you make a final call about which plants you can bring into California. Just one rogue bug or spore could wreak havoc on California crops and ripple across the country.

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Unregistered Firearms and Specialty Weapons

If you’re planning to bring your gun collection — or even just a single family heirloom pistol — into California, pause and make sure you’re following California law. The rules start the moment you hit the border, and yes, officers will check.

Anyone transporting handguns into California has three choices, per the Attorney General:

• Register your firearm with the California Department of Justice using the official New Resident Report of Firearm Ownership form.
• Sell it to a licensed dealer or, through them, to someone else.
• Surrender it to law enforcement (i.e., the police or sheriff’s department).

You’ve got 60 days to handle this paperwork, but don’t put it off too long, or you might face a not-so-warm welcome.

There are also rules and regulations for how you should store and transport different types of guns. Here are some common models:

• Handguns: You must unload and lock these in a secure container, not the glove compartment, not the center console — think a case with a lock and key.
• Rifles and shotguns: You must also unload these during transit. Unlike handguns, you don’t have to lock them up, but keeping them secure is never a bad idea.
• Assault weapons: Many models, such as AR-15s, AK-47s, or some tactical shotguns, are strictly banned. If you’re even slightly unsure, double-check with the CA DOJ or a local dealer before you move. Accidentally crossing the border with an illegal firearm can mean serious trouble, so don’t risk it.
• Specialty weapons: The list includes nunchucks, cane swords, lipstick knives, brass knuckles — even some types of slingshots. If it sounds like something from a 1980s ninja flick, it’s likely on California Penal Code 16590’s do-not-bring list.

Still have doubts? Trust your gut and call ahead. Border agents really do appreciate it when movers do their homework.

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Other Legal Things to Check If You’re Moving to California

Bringing your belongings into California is just the first hurdle. Once you arrive, the state’s legal clock starts ticking. Use the guidance below to make sure you don’t miss a deadline or rack up a single dollar in fines.

California Driver’s License and Car Registration

You’re considered a California resident for DMV and tax purposes as soon as you:

• Accept a job in California
• Rent or buy a home
• Register to vote
• Enroll your child in a California school
• Claim a property tax exemption

You must apply for a California driver’s license within 10 days of establishing residency. And you have 20 days to register your vehicle.

Most vehicles require a California smog inspection before registration unless the car is a gasoline vehicle from 1 to 3 model years old (so 2022, 2023, 2024 models as of 2025), electric vehicles, hybrids, motorcycles, diesel under 8,500 pounds, or classic cars 1975 and older.

Law enforcement and neighborhood parking officers in California are on the lookout for out-of-state plates. Driving with them beyond your 20-day window is a ticket risk, and penalties can run between $100 and $250 or more per violation, plus late fees for registration itself.

California State Taxes

California’s individual income tax is progressive with 9 brackets, ranging from 1% to 12.3%. There’s an additional 1% millionaire’s tax on taxable income over $1 million, making the effective top rate 13.3%.

• The average combined state and local sales tax is 8.85%, but some shoppers pay up to 10.75% in certain cities.
• Property tax averages 0.68% of a home’s assessed value, but newer residents or recent buyers usually pay more than long-time homeowners.
• If you bring a car you bought out of state within the last 12 months, you’ll owe use tax (at your local sales tax rate) when you register it.
• Prop 19 has changed how homeowners can transfer their tax bases. If you’re over 55 or disabled, check if you qualify to keep your old property tax rate or transfer it to a new home.
• California taxes most retirement income (pensions, 401(k)s, IRAs) as regular income at the same rates. Social Security benefits are not taxed by California.
• If you plan to rent your home out or sell investments, California taxes capital gains as ordinary income, not at lower federal rates. The first $250,000 or $500,000 gain (for couples) on a home sale is exempt.

California Tenant Rights

California renters have more legal protection than in almost any other state. As a newcomer, it’s good to know:

• Security deposit limits. Most California landlords can charge no more than 2x monthly rent for unfurnished units, 3x for furnished.
• Rent control. State law limits annual rent increases to 5% plus inflation or 10% — whichever is lower.
• Anti-discrimination. California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act bans discrimination based on race, gender, sexuality, national origin, disability, family status, source of income, and more.